Anthropology
Hadi Vakili; Sanam Morovati
Abstract
The historical study of the role of women in different classes of society, including the Sufi class, will provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of them. Trying to understand this role considering the dominance of the patriarchal view is actually a way to analyze and criticize this ruling ...
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The historical study of the role of women in different classes of society, including the Sufi class, will provide a comprehensive and accurate understanding of them. Trying to understand this role considering the dominance of the patriarchal view is actually a way to analyze and criticize this ruling view. Numerous pieces of historical evidence testify to the concept of transsexualism in Sufism, which makes the historical neglect of women in such an attitude incomprehensible. In a patriarchal society where women have fewer opportunities than men to participate in the social, economic, religious, and political arenas and are usually marginalized from the text, naturally, women's entry into the ranks of mystics and during the stages of mystical perfection has faced many difficulties. This study examines the history of Sufi women and how they entered the mystical path and concludes that several factors have been important in guiding women to the mystical path, the most important of which is the kinship relationship that has been ignored by the patriarchal view, and this is one of the most important critiques of the patriarchal attitude towards the flow of behavior and Sufism.
Anthropology
Zeynab Shariatnia; Hadi Vakili
Abstract
The book History and Theory in Anthropology by Alan Barnard, a leading researcher and author of anthropological studies, especially anthropology in South Africa is among valuable works in the field of anthropology. In this book, he examines the theoretical nature of anthropology throughout history and ...
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The book History and Theory in Anthropology by Alan Barnard, a leading researcher and author of anthropological studies, especially anthropology in South Africa is among valuable works in the field of anthropology. In this book, he examines the theoretical nature of anthropology throughout history and the views of prominent scholars and thinkers of this science and their comparisons, as well as the rooting of theories and schools of thought presented in the field of anthropology. The purpose of this book is to examine the pioneering views of anthropological studies, evolution in all its dimensions, the theory of disseminators in cultural areas, functionalism and structural functionalism, pragmatic theories, processing, and Marxist views, various aspects of relativism, structuralism and post-structuralism, postmodernist views and recent interpretations. Although this work should be regarded as an overview of anthropological theories and related problems since it lacks the details of theorists, approaches, and ideas, its very briefness of the terms and contents, its conceptual clarity and explanation have been diminished and it requires revisions.
Philosophy
Hadi Vakili
Abstract
The book Mysticism, East and West by Rudolf Otto, is one of the most important examples of comparative studies of mysticism in the world. The discussion of the East and the West and how they relate to each other is at least for Otto one of the pillars of the philosophy of religion that has been reflected ...
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The book Mysticism, East and West by Rudolf Otto, is one of the most important examples of comparative studies of mysticism in the world. The discussion of the East and the West and how they relate to each other is at least for Otto one of the pillars of the philosophy of religion that has been reflected in this book. Otto sees mysticism as the kinship of the east and west. The term “Nominus/ Sacred”, more than anything else, makes it possible for the Eastern-Western look to be used because it can go beyond the history and geography of religions. The nature of the western-eastern philosophy of the comparative religion of Otto first appeared in 1923, in the form of the book of the Holy Idea: The study of the irrational factor in the idea of the divinity and its relation to the rational, and then published more widely and deeply in the Mysticism, East and West, published in 1926. The book, reminding Johann Wolfgang von Goethe’s famous book titled West–östlicher Divan (West–Eastern Diwan), discusses mysticism as a phenomenon that is East-West in its nature. Explaining this Western-Eastern phenomenon, Otto compares the Hindu Mystic Shankara to represent eastern mysticism and the Christian Mystic Eckhart to represent western mysticism and seeks to provide a model for understanding the truth of the religion and comparing religious thinkers.
Anthropology
Mahdi Baratifar; Hadi Vakili
Abstract
According to the normative theories, one can speak of the three types of duty-based ethics, result-based ethics, and virtue-based ethics. A study of the history of Islamic rational-narrative traditions reveals the foundations and perspectives of all three types of ethics among Muslim thinkers. According ...
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According to the normative theories, one can speak of the three types of duty-based ethics, result-based ethics, and virtue-based ethics. A study of the history of Islamic rational-narrative traditions reveals the foundations and perspectives of all three types of ethics among Muslim thinkers. According to the authors, the fourth type of ethics can also be considered as “Caliphate-oriented ethics”, which is based on the assumption and succession between man and God, or in the sense of human Rabbi and Abd. In this article, we attempt to examine the concept of “Caliphate-based ethics” by examining the mystical ethics in the tradition of theoretical mysticism. According to the authors, (1) this type of ethics may be the correct interpretation of “mystical ethics” - in the tradition of theoretical mysticism attributed to Ibn al-Arabi; (2) Imam Khomeini’s mystical ethics is more compatible with “caliphate-based ethics” than other normative ethics theories; and (3) Caliphate-based ethics is subordinated to virtue ethics. In fact, the Caliphate’s ethics should be viewed as a virtue theory that differs in the nature of virtues, the method of recognizing virtues, and how to achieve virtues with conventional approaches to virtue ethics. In short, in this theory, virtues are the attributes of God, the method of recognizing virtues is the knowledge of the virtues, and the method of becoming virtuous is to imitate God and then become the caliph of God through mystical conduct in three stages. Purification, Polishing, and Adornation. In fact, it is this methodology of knowledge and moral development that is based on anthropology and mystical theology, which is found in the mystical works of the school of theoretical mysticism, including the mystical works of Imam Khomeini.
Theology and religions
Zeynab Shariatnia; Hadi Vakili
Abstract
This article seeks to critique and review the book “The Essence of Mystical Knowledge” by Massoud Ismaili. In this book, the writer has tried to examine the nature of mystical knowledge in two Islamic and western spaces taking a look at the comparative approach in a comprehensive system. ...
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This article seeks to critique and review the book “The Essence of Mystical Knowledge” by Massoud Ismaili. In this book, the writer has tried to examine the nature of mystical knowledge in two Islamic and western spaces taking a look at the comparative approach in a comprehensive system. If the criterion for our assessment is the degree to which the outer succeeds and does not succeed in expressing the issue, we can say that this book has worked well in the field of the philosophy of mysticism, and despite some of the formal and material shortcomings in it, the book seems to be acceptable.
Philosophy
Hadi Vakili
Volume 18, Issue 7 , December 2018, , Pages 313-324
Abstract
Encyclopedia of new religious movements edited by Peter B. Clarke provides a truly engaging and authentic view of the emerging religious movements on a background of the universe. This encyclopedia, containing 428 articles from leading academics, studies the remarkable examples of religious movements ...
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Encyclopedia of new religious movements edited by Peter B. Clarke provides a truly engaging and authentic view of the emerging religious movements on a background of the universe. This encyclopedia, containing 428 articles from leading academics, studies the remarkable examples of religious movements emerging in each continent. Clarke as an editor has written a higher income as "New Religions as a global phenomenon", a "Resource guide of NRM" and a useful article entitled "Typology of new religions" in this encyclopedia. This encyclopedia is a leading, research, updating, important, and valuable reference for academic libraries. However, the encyclopedia suffers from some disadvantages, among which we can refer to apparent contradictions in Index, the incidence of historical errors, print, etc., in its context and putting NRM identified with the Cults, sects, and counter-culture groups
